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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́apaŋam | om č́apaŋ |
| 2SG: | č́apaŋat | ot č́apaŋ |
| 3SG: | č́apaŋeš | ok/ogeš č́apaŋ |
| 1PL: | č́apaŋə̑na | ona/ogə̑na č́apaŋ |
| 2PL: | č́apaŋə̑da | oda/ogə̑da č́apaŋ |
| 3PL: | č́apaŋə̑t | ogə̑t č́apaŋ |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́apaŋə̑m | šə̑m č́apaŋ |
| 2SG: | č́apaŋə̑č́ | šə̑č́ č́apaŋ |
| 3SG: | č́apaŋe | ə̑š č́apaŋ |
| 1PL: | č́apaŋna | ə̑šna č́apaŋ |
| 2PL: | č́apaŋda | ə̑šda č́apaŋ |
| 3PL: | č́apaŋə̑č́ | ə̑št č́apaŋ |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́apaŋə̑nam | č́apaŋə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | č́apaŋə̑nat | č́apaŋə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | č́apaŋə̑n | č́apaŋə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | č́apaŋə̑nna | č́apaŋə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | č́apaŋə̑nda | č́apaŋə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | č́apaŋə̑nə̑t | č́apaŋə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́apaŋam ə̑l'e | om č́apaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | č́apaŋat ə̑l'e | ot č́apaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | č́apaŋeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš č́apaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | č́apaŋə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na č́apaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | č́apaŋə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da č́apaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | č́apaŋə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t č́apaŋ ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́apaŋam ulmaš | om č́apaŋ ulmaš |
| 2SG: | č́apaŋat ulmaš | ot č́apaŋ ulmaš |
| 3SG: | č́apaŋeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš č́apaŋ ulmaš |
| 1PL: | č́apaŋə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na č́apaŋ ulmaš |
| 2PL: | č́apaŋə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da č́apaŋ ulmaš |
| 3PL: | č́apaŋə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t č́apaŋ ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́apaŋə̑nam ə̑l'e | č́apaŋə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | č́apaŋə̑nat ə̑l'e | č́apaŋə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | č́apaŋə̑n ə̑l'e | č́apaŋə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | č́apaŋə̑nna ə̑l'e | č́apaŋə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | č́apaŋə̑nda ə̑l'e | č́apaŋə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | č́apaŋə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | č́apaŋə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́apaŋə̑nam ulmaš | č́apaŋə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | č́apaŋə̑nat ulmaš | č́apaŋə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | č́apaŋə̑n ulmaš | č́apaŋə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | č́apaŋə̑nna ulmaš | č́apaŋə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | č́apaŋə̑nda ulmaš | č́apaŋə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | č́apaŋə̑nə̑t ulmaš | č́apaŋə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | č́apaŋ | it č́apaŋ |
| 3SG: | č́apaŋže | ə̑nže č́apaŋ |
| 1PL: | (č́apaŋə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na č́apaŋ) |
| 2PL: | č́apaŋza | ida č́apaŋ |
| 3PL: | č́apaŋə̑št | ə̑nə̑št č́apaŋ |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́apaŋnem | ə̑nem č́apaŋ |
| 2SG: | č́apaŋnet | ə̑net č́apaŋ |
| 3SG: | č́apaŋneže | ə̑než č́apaŋ |
| 1PL: | č́apaŋnena | ə̑nena č́apaŋ |
| 2PL: | č́apaŋneda | ə̑neda č́apaŋ |
| 3PL: | č́apaŋnešt | ə̑nešt č́apaŋ |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | č́apaŋnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem č́apaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | č́apaŋnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net č́apaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | č́apaŋneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než č́apaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | č́apaŋnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena č́apaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | č́apaŋneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda č́apaŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | č́apaŋnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt č́apaŋ ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | č́apaŋnet ulmaš | ə̑net č́apaŋ ulmaš |
| 3SG: | č́apaŋneže ulmaš | ə̑než č́apaŋ ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | č́apaŋneda ulmaš | ə̑neda č́apaŋ ulmaš |
| 3PL: | č́apaŋnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt č́apaŋ ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | č́apaŋaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | č́apaŋman |
| Active participle: | č́apaŋše |
| Passive participle: | č́apaŋme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | č́apaŋšaš |
| Negative participle: | č́apaŋdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | č́apaŋə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | č́apaŋde |
| Gerund of prior action: | č́apaŋmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | č́apaŋmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | č́apaŋšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | č́apaŋmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | č́apaŋdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||